Deep Pools: Ecological Sanctuaries for Steindachneridion melanodermatum, a Large Endemic and Endangered Pimelodid of the Iguaçu River

Steindachneridion melanodermatum, an endemic and endangered species, is the largest catfish in Lower Iguaçu River basin. Currently, wild population of this species no longer exists most basin, probably due to loss habitat by successive hydroelectric dams. This study evaluated spatial distribution abundance S. melanodermatum last free-flowing river stretch approximately 190 km downstream from Salto Caxias Dam, upstream Falls, as well some tributaries. Hydroacoustic fishing campaigns were performed between September 2010 December 2016 characterize preferred habitat. A total 180 specimens was sampled with higher abundances a protected area near Falls National Park. Twenty-four deep pools identified maximum depths ranging 5 25 m: 21 along main channel River, three Deep are preferential habitats for especially pool called Poço Preto (P23) its surroundings. Conservation strategies required protect these prevent becoming extinct, such establishing ecological sanctuaries, intensifying inspection illegal fishing, maintaining dam-free